What Are the P5+1 Countries?

The P5+1 countries are a group of nations working together on the Iran Nuclear Deal. The countries include the five permanent members of the 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:United Nations (U.N.) Security Council, with the addition of Germany. T💫he U.N. Security Council consists of China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and 🀅the United States.

The agreement is more formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Although the deal remains in place, the United State🅰s withdrew from the deal in 2018.

Understanding P5+1 Countries

The original group of nations was called the EU-3. This group consisted of representatives from France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. In 2006, China, Russia, and the United States joined the pact, forming the P5+1.

These nations began working together to neutralize Iran’s nuclear activity after they discovered that the Islamic Republic had an operational uranium enrichment facility in 2002. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) began investigating Iran’s nuclear actives in 2003 after the discovery, along with the existence of a heavy-water facility.

The creation of the P5+1 came about when an IAEA study concluded that Iran failed to uphold its end of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. New negotiations began in 2013, which were formalized and signed in 2015. The U.N. passed the first of many resolutions that imposed 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:sanctions on Iran regarding its nuclear development.

The United States levied several sanctions on Iran since the 1978–1979 revolution. Some of these sanctions continue to relate to Iran’s nuclear programs. These are just part of the long history between the U.S. and Iran.

The Most Recent P5+1 Agreement

In November 2013, the P5+1 and Iran reached a preliminary agreement with regard to Iran’s ongoing nuclear programs. Two years later, the P5+1 countries and Iran announced the initial details of an understanding that would allow Iran to enrich uranium to generate electricity.

The 2015 agreement contained:

• Reduction of enriched uranium stockpiles allowing only 3.67% enrichment for research and civil use
• Outlined and limited the conditions for research and development of uranium enrichment at the Natanz Fuel Enrichment Plant (FEP)
• Limit the number of centrifuges that can operate
• Require the modification of the Arak (IR-40) heavy-water facilities to produce only non-weapons-grade plutonium
• Convert the Fordo Fuel Enrichment Plant (FFEP) uranium enrichment center to research functions exclusively

The IAEA ♎was also granted access for inspections of all non-military facilities, uranium mines, and suppliers. If Iran adhered to these conditions, then the lifting of nuclear weapons-related sanctions would occur.

P5+1 in the News

In March 2018,  Yukiya Amano announced the certification of Iran implementing its commitments to the nuclear deal. However, not everyone agreed. Evidence that surfaced in 2018 led some to believe that Iran was not complying with the JCPOA. This new information showed the Islamic Republic was hiding its continued research into the production of nuclear weapons. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu agreed.

On April 30, 2018, the United States and Israel announced their disagreement with Iran’s non-disclosure to the IAEA. Under a month later, on May 8, 2018, then-President Donald Trump announced the U.S. withdrew from the P5+1 group. He based this decision on the lack of response from P5+1 members to strengthen the current sanctions on Tehran. Trump said the U.S. would replace previous sanctions, removed due to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreement.

The weakened accord continues. Europea♊n Union (EU) representatives say they will continue as long as Iran adheres to the agreement. However, the other signatories have yet🌠 to instigate a new plan of action.

Uꦫnderstanding the far-reaching impacts of the weakening of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action is ongoing. Iran and the U.S.﷽ have resorted to verbal challenges of military action at one another.

In January 2020, Iran said it would no longer by any of the restrictions imposed by the JCPOA, but would continue to co-operate with the IAEA.

Trump was replaced as U.S. president in 2021 by Joe Biden, who suggested rejoining the JCPOA, although that never happened during his administration. Trump returned to office in January 2025 and has indicated that he’d like to make a deal with Iran.

According to World Bank data from 2023 (the most recent data available), Iran experiences a gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 5% per year with an 30.5% annual 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:inflation deflator. The decline in the 澳洲幸运5开奖号码历史查询:Iranian rial (IRR) exchange rate continues today as global pressures and disagreements on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Act🔴ion (JCPOA), or the Iran Nuꦇclear Deal, continue to erode the currency.

The Bottom Line

The P5+1 countries are those on the United Nations (U.N.) Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) that have been working toward an Iran nuclear deal since 2006 and since 2015 under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The deal remains tenuously in place despite the U.S. withdrawal from the deal in 2018, with the remaining countries continuing negotiations with Iran.